In very general terms, how do the temperature structures of the atmospheres of Venus and Mars differ from that of Earth?
A) They lack X-ray absorbing thermospheres.
B) They lack ultraviolet-absorbing stratospheres.
C) Their atmospheres are similar in structure to Earth's, but with much higher temperatures.
D) Temperatures in their tropospheres increase with altitude, rather than decreasing with altitude.
B
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In stars, helium can sometimes be fused into carbon and heavier elements (in their final stages of life). Why didn't the same fusion processes produce carbon and heavier elements in the early universe?
A) By the time stable helium nuclei had formed, the temperature and density had already dropped too low for helium fusion to occur. B) Helium fusion occurred, but the carbon nuclei that were made were later destroyed by the intense radiation in the early universe. C) Temperatures in the early universe were never above the roughly 100 million Kelvin required for helium fusion. D) No one knows; this is one of the major mysteries in astronomy.
How much time is there between when a star rises and when it sets?
A. about twelve hours B. more than twelve hours C. less than twelve hours D. It depends on the star.
Name the four principal types of solar-system debris; pair them up in terms of composition
What will be an ideal response?
Four resistors having resistances of 20 ?, 40 ?, 60 ?, and 80 ? are connected in series across an ideal 50-V dc source. What is the current through each resistor?
A) 0.25 A B) 0.50 A C) 0.75 A D) 2.0 A E) 4.0 A