When a fecal sample is collected from an ill patient, how are each of the following identified: bacterial cell, eukaryotic protist, and virus?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Bacterial cells can be cultured on selective media from a fecal sample, and biochemical tests can follow to identify which bacterial pathogen(s) are present. Eukaryotic protists and viruses are generally not propagated in a lab for clinical diagnostics. Pathogenic protists are often identified via microscopy. All three groups can be identified through molecular diagnostics as well, such as the use of Northern, Southern, and Western blots, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR.
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Which of the following is true regarding DNA replication?
A. Only the lagging strand gets shortened during replication. B. Only the leading strand gets shortened during replication. C. Both strands get shortened at the same end during replication. D. Both strands get shortened at opposite ends during replication. E. Only the lagging strand gets shortened after every other round of replication.
All photosynthetic protists
A. carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis using one photosystem. B. carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis using two photosystems. C. carry out oxygenic photosynthesis using one photosystem. D. carry out oxygenic photosynthesis using two photosystems.
Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold conducted pioneering experiments in which they transplanted the dorsal lip of the blastopore in an early gastrula newt to the ventral side of another early gastrula newt. What was the outcome of this experiment?
A. Discovery of Spemann's organizer. B. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. C. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. D. Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. E. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, proteins, and RNA?
A. DNA is transcribed into RNA, then RNA is translated into proteins. B. DNA is transcribed into proteins, then proteins are translated into RNA. C. DNA is translated into RNA, then RNA is transcribed into proteins. D. DNA is translated into proteins, then proteins are transcribed into RNA.