Explain the innate immune response.
What will be an ideal response?
Cells of the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells, and leukocytes) react with any antigen; they can thus react immediately. Innate immunity involves inflammation, interferon, natural killer cells, and complement. This initial innate immune response is quite often sufficient to eliminate the pathogen or reduce its numbers enough to prevent initiation of a disease process. This type of immune response does not increase or improve with repeated exposures.
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The substance that serves as a vehicle for fat transport in the bloodstream is:
a. fatty acids. b. glycerol. c. lipoproteins. d. amino acids.
An advantage of intradialytic parenteral nutrition is that it:
a. reduces body fat. b. increases body weight. c. decreases fluid loss through dialysis. d. increases catabolic activity of muscles.
What changes are seen in water balance as we get older? a. Total body water increases because the kidneys become more efficient
b. Our thirst mechanism does not work as efficiently so we may forget to drink fluids. c. Increased intake of water can lead to additional fluid in the lungs, causing pneumonia. d. In a person confined to bed, water retention can lead to pressure ulcers on the back. e. Dehydration is not very common because total body water increases with age.
Adding malt to breads
A. makes them sweeter, stickier, and heavier than other breads. B. decreases bread loaf quality. C. strengthens gluten structure. D. eliminates the need for a biological leavening agent.