Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?
A. stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft
B. neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C. neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft
D. stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretation
E. stimulation, transmission, and neurotransmitter release
D. stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretation
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Which of the following can be used to estimate the number of microorganisms in a culture?
A. Measurements of microbial biomass B. Direct counts of microbial cells C. Counts of viable cells using colony growth procedures D. All of the choices are correct.
HIV once only infected nonhuman primates and now infects humans as well. Likewise, the avian flu only infected birds but now infects humans. What causes the host range of a virus to increase?
A. The size of the virus changes over time and allows the virus to infect a different host cell. B. The virus integrates with another virus to gain the DNA sequences that allow infection of a new host cell. C. The virus gains entry into a new host cell through random mutation of the virus's genetic material. D. Changes in the human genome over time make humans more susceptible to infection by different kinds of viruses. E. None of the answer options is correct.
Why was the advent of the amniotic egg so important in the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates?
A. It made internal fertilization more likely, so it increased individual species' fitness. B. It completely removed dependence on water for reproduction. C. It reinforced pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms. D. It increased the number of offspring an individual female could have.
The pain produced in an internal organ may be perceived as occurring somewhere else. This phenomenon is called
____. a. mixed nerve messages b. referred pain c. phantom pain d. psychosomatic pain e. hypochondria