All of the following characterize the singing style of traditional country music.  According to Candelaria/Kingman (and Hank Williams!), which is an “essential trait”?

A. sincerity of delivery
B. rigid, tense vocal quality
C. clear, vibrato-less tone
D. high, nasal, somewhat restrained


Answer: A

Art & Culture

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Who were among the most important women composers of the nineteenth century?

a. Beatritz de Dia and Madame von Meck b. Bertha Freundt and Glenda Evans c. Maria Virgine and Hildegard of Bingen d. Fanny Mendelssohn and Clara Schumann

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Who or what does the mudfish symbolize in Benin iconography?

A. Trade and diplomatic relationships B. The Benin people and ancestors C. Dual human/divine aspect of the ruler D. Sea-faring Portuguese traders

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When the Chinese Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China in 1949, what did the Nationalists do?

A. joined and merged together with the Chinese Communist Party B. retreated to Hong Kong and established a separate authoritarian rule C. established a city-state in Singapore with a democracy in theory D. retreated to Taiwan and established a separate authoritarian rule

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A compositional technique where the composer states a musical theme and then restates this theme over and over, elaborating on or varying the theme each time is called theme and variations.

a. true b. false

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