When the Miami-Dade County (Florida) Police Department received an anonymous tip that Joelis Jardines was growing marijuana in his home, they sent Franky, a chocolate Labrador trained to sniff out illegal drugs, to verify. After circling for a few minutes on Jardines' front porch, Franky sat down near the front door. This was a signal to the two officers on the scene that the dog smelled something suspicious. Relying on Franky's expertise, the officers obtained permission from a judge to search Jardines' home. They found nearly 180 marijuana plants having an estimated street value of about $700,000. Jardines claimed that the officers had violated his right to privacy and the Supreme Court agreed. "The police cannot . . . hang around on the lawn or in the side garden, trawling for evidence

and perhaps peering into the windows of the home," said Justice Antonin Scalia. The narcotics officers would have had established probable cause based on which of the Supreme Court's four sources?

A. Personal observation
B. Information
C. Evidence
D. Association


Answer: B

Criminal Justice

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