In which of the following studies do researchers look for negative associations between crime rates and punishment levels that can be interpreted as having a deterrent effect?

a. interrupted time-series studies
b. ecological studies
c. perceptual studies
d. socioeconomic studies


b. ecological studies

Criminal Justice

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_________ is a supervision level that focuses on control characterized by a high amount of contacts and unannounced home visits

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

________ indicates that the firearm was close to, but not actually touching, the victim's skin

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

Identify the error in the following sentence. The victim, no longer on scene, is bleeding from her right forearm

a. Comma error b. Tense error c. Subject/predicate error d. Misused word error e. No error

Criminal Justice

In testing Hirschi's theory, Michael Hindelang found that involvement in delinquency was positively related to

A. drug use. B. social class. C. attachment to peers. D. dislike of siblings.

Criminal Justice