Where do B cells originate in mammals?
A. bone marrow
B. blood
C. lymph nodes
D. thymus
A
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Membrane-enclosed organelles, such as nuclei, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts,
A) form specialized compartments within eukaryotic cells for specific functions to occur. B) increase the structural complexity of eukaryotic cells. C) help large eukaryotic cells overcome the limitations of diffusion imposed by their large cell size. D) increase structural complexity, help eukaryotes overcome diffusion limitation due to their size, and form specialized environments for specific functions to occur.
The purpose of a booster shot is to
a. elicit a primary response to an antigen. b. elicit a secondary response to an antigen. c. re-establish the formation of antibodies. d. counteract specific antigens in the system. e. seek out invaders.
The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because
A) red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen. B) the parasite damages leukocytes along with RBCs. C) RBCs normally produce cytokines necessary for adaptive immune response, which this infection prevents. D) complement cannot effectively destroy RBCs. E) RBCs never enter lymphoid tissue.
Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of spontaneous generation?
a. During flooding, frogs spontaneously arise from mud. b. When a dried bean is moistened and kept wet, it spontaneously transforms into a bean sprout. c. Some sea anemones spontaneously bud newly developed young from their outer skin. d. All of the above. e. A and B, but not C