Name the five limitations of Koch's postulates
What will be an ideal response?
They do not apply to noninfectious diseases, since those illnesses are not directly caused by pathogens. Other infectious agents called obligate intracellular pathogens, which include viruses and certain bacteria and protozoans, only replicate inside a host cell and are therefore impossible to grow as independent pure cultures. In still other cases, growing a microbe as a pure culture may cause it to attenuate, or lose its ability to cause disease. Furthermore, there are many human-specific infectious agents. Lastly, Koch's postulates do not easily deal with characterization of asymptomatic or latent disease.
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Ergot is:
A. a fungal disease of rye crops and other grasses B. a carcinogen produced by fungi C. a predatory fungus that traps nematodes D. the cause of bread mold E. a colorful poisonous mushroom
__________ fungi include common molds. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
The genotype of the parent at #1 is
a. Cc. b. cc. c. heterozygous. d. CC. e. hemizygous.
Who authored the book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection?
A. Jean Lamarck B. Alfred Russel Wallace C. Georges Buffon D. Charles Lyell E. Charles Darwin