The phenomena where individuals focus on the negatives in their lives to the exclusion of positive events is called:
A. Cognitive shift.
B. Cognitive dissonance.
C. Mental bias.
D. Cognitive bias.
A
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Which of the following is not characteristic of the Jewish psychological structure?
A. Highly developed conscience B. The use of intellectualism as a defense C. Inability to rationalize D. Propensity toward sadness
Hostile aggression in young children occurs while fighting over toys and space.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Contemporary psychotherapy and counseling practices have harmed the members of ethnocultural groups in all the following ways EXCEPT
a. Invalidating their life experiences b. Defining their cultural values or differences as deviant and pathological c. Denying them culturally appropriate care d. Imposing client values on the members of the dominant culture
Clinical interventions that are not grounded in psychological science can harm children and families. Which of the following is NOT a way identified in the text that scientifically uninformed practice can hurt clients?
a. Ineffective treatments can cause parents to lose hope in psychology and treatment in general. b. Ineffective interventions can cost parents time and money. c. Ineffective treatments have been proven to substantially increase the rates of depression in parents. d. Ineffective treatments can be physically harmful to children.