Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:
A. elevating the injured extremity.
B. compressing a pressure point.
C. applying local direct pressure.
D. packing the wound with gauze.
Answer: C. applying local direct pressure.
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You are assessing an 80-year-old man who complains of generalized weakness. He denies chest pain or shortness of breath and tells you that he has become progressively weaker over the past 3 days. His medical history is significant for two prior heart attacks, hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency, and atrial fibrillation. His blood pressure is 108/60 mm Hg, pulse rate is 94 beats/min and irregular, and respirations are 20 breaths/min and unlabored. Auscultation of his lungs reveals scattered crackles, and the ECG reveals atrial fibrillation. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, you should:
A) start an IV with D5W, assess his blood glucose level, and administer half the usual dose of diltiazem to lower the rate of his atrial fibrillation. B) obtain a 12-lead ECG tracing, start an IV line with normal saline and give a 250-mL fluid bolus, reassess his blood pressure, and transport him. C) establish vascular access, administer 2 mg of morphine to treat his apparent pulmonary edema, continue to monitor the ECG, and transport. D) obtain a 12-lead ECG tracing, assess his blood glucose level, establish vascular access and set the rate to keep the vein open, and transport to the hospital.