After reviewing the data collected from the Boston Police Department, Levin and McDevitt constructed a hate crime typology that included:
a. Hate crimes are senseless crimes, usually committed by a single individual.
b. Hate crimes are committed on total strangers, but are generally not brutal.
c. Hate crimes are extensively brutal; they are senseless crimes committed at random on total strangers; and they are committed by multiple offenders.
d. Hate crimes are extensively brutal; completed against known individuals by multiple offenders
C
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Albert is a spiritual man and believes in leading a crime-free life. After losing his day job, he is unable to pay his bills or support his family. After a few days, he gets frustrated and robs a store at gunpoint. Which of the following theories best explains Albert's shift in behavior?
A. Strain theory B. Social learning theory C. Routine activities theory D. Biological theory
Which of the following is used to inform people who are under arrest that the 5th Amendment provides protection against self-incrimination during an interrogation?
a. Carroll doctrine b. Miranda warning c. Exclusionary rule d. Good faith exception
________________ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons.
A. Franklin Shepard B. Jeremy Bentham C. Michael Rourke D. John Howard
The number of executions carried out each year in the United States is:
a. none. The United States does not use the death penalty. b. fewer than 50. c. between 100 and 200. d. more than 200.