Barry has been a police officer since 1972. He has seen a lot of changes in his department and to the culture of policing in general. In the 1970s, most of his fellow officers were white men. He thinks the idea of adding more women and minorities to the force is great because it may be easier to respond to certain incidents with more diversity in the force. William is a new recruit in Barry's department. William's father was a police officer as well and William would like to follow in his footsteps. As a minority, he has heard stories of his father having to patrol a neighborhood but needing to call a white officer to make an arrest. His father's experience can be described as:

A. the same as the ethnic minority experience.
B. the same as the female experience.
C. the blue curtain.
D. double marginality.


Answer: D

Criminal Justice

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