A 5-year-old boy was struck by an automobile when he ran into the street from between two parked cars. He is pale, confused, and sweating heavily. Capillary refill time is 5 seconds. Breath sounds are present bilaterally. The upper left quadrant of the abdomen is bruised and tender. Fluid resuscitation should consist of:
a. two large-bore IVs with lactated Ringer's infused as rapidly as possible.
b. a single IV with lactated Ringer's to avoid overhydrating the child.
c. 20 mL/kg of lactated Ringer's while monitoring him for signs of improved perfusion.
d. two large-bore IVs of D5W infused as rapidly as possible because lactated Ringer's should not be given to small children.
c
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