In recent years, there have been many conflicting court case decisions about whether ______ is/are needed to monitor e-mails, text messages, and voicemails, suggesting that courts are struggling to decide how to balance privacy and safety.

A. technological changes
B. warrants
C. probable cause
D. reasonable suspicion


B. warrants

Criminal Justice

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Constitutional and institutional powers are also called:

a. enumerated and implied powers. b. explicit and ambiguous powers. c. direct and oblique powers. d. executive and legislative powers. e. none of the above.

Criminal Justice

Prosecutors have no contact with the police before a criminal trial for fear of biasing their cases

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is NOT one of the three parole board duties discussed in the text?

A. conducting field administration of the parole process B. helping establish a jurisdiction's parole policies C. making decisions to terminate parole supervision D. managing parole release processes

Criminal Justice

Richard Quinney's theory that criminal definitions represent the interests of those who hold power in society is known as:

a. Marxist feminism. b. radical feminism. c. social reality of crime. d. dialectic method.

Criminal Justice