In a chloroplast, the stroma is
A) a pore in the outer membrane.
B) a stack of thylakoids.
C) the region between in the inner and outer membranes.
D) a connection between the grana.
E) a gel-like matrix between the inner chloroplast membrane and the thylakoid membrane.
Answer: E
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The process whereby repeated, short stimuli provided to a hippocampal neuron have the effect of strengthening the synapse it makes with other neurons is specifically referred to as
A. long-term potentiation. B. short-term potentiation. C. neurotransmission. D. synaptic reuptake. E. None of these choices are correct.
Evolution of embryonic pathways probably occurs most commonly through ____
a. macroevolutionary mechanisms b. microevolutionary mechanisms c. protein recruitment d. extinction e. mutations during embryonic development
How must spindle microtubules attach to chromosomes during prometaphase of meiosis I?
a. Microtubules attach at the centrosomes. b. Microtubules attach to the chiasma. c. Spindle microtubules from one pole attach to one kinetochore, and spindle microtubules from the other pole attach to the other kinetochore in a pair of sister chromatids, just like in mitosis. d. Spindle microtubules from one pole must attach to both kinetochores in a pair of sister chromatids. e. Microtubules attach using their minus (slow assembling) ends.
Why might the analysis of endosymbiotic bacterial genomes be misleading for understanding the minimal gene set?
a. They may have lost genes that would have been essential to early life-forms because they may have reduced metabolic requirements. b. They may have gained genes to be able to live within another organism. c. They are bacteria and therefore have nothing in common with LUCA. d. Their genes can be disrupted by transposons.