Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Developmental theories focus on the development of offending over time.
2. When offending rates are consistent, the rates are said to be persistent.
3. Developmental theories examine group-level reasons for crime rather than individual reasons.
4. Traditional theoretical frameworks differ from developmental theories in that they focus on more than one point in time.
5. There is little consensus about the age at which early onset of criminal behavior occurs.


1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True

Criminal Justice

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Kant’s emphasis on absolute moral rules does not provide a means of ______.

a. resolving moral dilemmas b. encouraging moral behavior c. educating others as to what ought to be done d. limiting immoral behavior

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"Redeemability" refers to convincing the public that offenders can change their ways.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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Because of their continued underprivileged status, substantial numbers of buraku in Japan:

a. must resort to working in butcher shops. b. are hired as police officers to ensure a reasonable standard of living. c. frequently serve as volunteer probation officers. d. are forced into associations with boryokudan.

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The American Institute of Stress ranked law enforcement work as being:

a. the number one stressful job in America b. among the top ten stressful jobs in America c. relatively low in stress compared to other jobs d. one of the few truly stress-free jobs

Criminal Justice