Which of the following is an expected outcome for a patient after cardiac assessment?
a. Apical pulse rate equals 58 beats per minute
b. Carotid bruits present
c. PMI palpable at left fifth intercostal space at midclavicular line
d. Jugular veins distended with patient in sitting position
C
Locate the PMI by palpating with fingertips along the fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line. Sinus bradycardia: Pulse rhythm is regular, but rate is slower than normal at 40 to 60 beats/min. Place bell of stethoscope over each carotid artery while auscultating for blowing sounds (bruit). Ask the patient to hold a breath for a few heartbeats so that respiratory sounds will not interfere with auscultation. Narrowing of the carotid artery lumen by arteriosclerotic plaques causes disturbance in blood flow. Blood passing through the narrowed section creates turbulence and emits a blowing or swishing sound. Normal veins are flat when the patient is sitting, and pulsations become evident as the patient's head is lowered.
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