In terms of learning explanations for ASPD, consider operant conditioning, in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences (i.e., rewards or punishment) that follow. How might operant conditioning explain the typical behaviors in ASPD, as compared to healthy controls?
A. Criminal or aggressive behavior in healthy controls is reduced by the threat of prison, a highly aversive environment for most people; but people with ASPD enjoy such harsh, potentially conflict-filled environments, making imprisonment a reward for them.
B. Lack of concern about others by people with ASPD can be misinterpreted as confidence, which brings many social and professional rewards; but healthy controls are typically not confident or self-centered enough to receive such rewards.
C. Cruel behavior is punished in healthy controls by regret or guilt, reducing its frequency; but such behavior would not produce distressing feelings in ASPD, allowing them to continue.
D. Bragging and other self-aggrandizing behaviors are punished in healthy controls with social disapproval; but those with ASPD have a greater need to prove themselves worthwhile, which outweighs the disapproval.
Answer: C
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