Which of the following are anatomic alterations found with chronic bronchitis?
1. Increased size of submucosal bronchial glands
2. Destruction of pulmonary capillaries
3. Chronic bronchial wall inflammation and thickening
4. Bronchospasm
a. 2, 3
b. 3, 4
c. 1, 2, 3
d. 1, 3, 4
D
Chronic bronchial wall inflammation and thickening, enlargement of the submucosal bronchial glands with increased numbers of goblet cells, and bronchospasm are pathologic alterations associated with chronic bronchitis.
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Indicate whether this statement is true or false.