A nursing student asks a nurse to discuss alcoholism and alcohol use disorder. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
a. "Alcohol use disorder can occur without the development of tolerance or physical dependence."
b. "Individuals with alcohol use disorder develop cross-tolerance with opioid anal-gesics."
c. "Initial symptoms of abstinence syndrome occur within 1 to 2 hours after withdrawal of alcohol."
d. "With severe alcoholism, most alcoholics have delirium tremens when alcohol is withdrawn."
A
Alcohol abuse can occur without the development of tolerance or physical dependence, although these generally develop with long-term use of alcohol. Cross-tolerance occurs between alcohol and general anesthetics and other CNS depressants, but not with opioids. The symptoms of ab-stinence syndrome begin to manifest 12 to 72 hours after the last drink. Fewer than 1% of alco-holics experience delirium tremens.
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