Which of the following differs between intra- and interspecific interactions when it comes to the evolution and maintenance of cooperation?

a. Interacting partners from different species are not linked by inclusive fitness.
b. We cannot apply game theory to interspecific systems.
c. Cooperative interactions cannot shift into antagonistic ones in intraspecific systems.
d. All of the above.


A

Biology & Microbiology

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In image "B" individuals within the population defend distinct territories for resources, resulting in a defined distance between each. This is an example of distribution.

Three population distribution patterns are shown in this figure.

A.    random
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C.    clumped
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