List and then explain the function of the various layers of the retina
What will be an ideal response?
The retina contains the photoreceptors, which convert light energy into electrochemical energy that is transmitted by neurons to the brain. There are two kinds of photoreceptors—rods and cones. Each eye contains roughly 120 million rods and 8 million cones. Rods and cones differ not only in shape but also in their com- positions, locations, and responses to light. Within the rods and cones are photo pigments, chemical substances that react to light and transform physical electromagnetic energy into an electrochemical neural impulse that can be understood by the brain. The rods are long and thin photoreceptors. They are more highly concentrated in the periphery of the retina than in the foveal region. The rods are responsible for night vision and are sensitive to light and dark stimuli. The cones are short and thick photoreceptors and allow for the perception of color. They are more highly concentrated in the foveal region than in the periphery of the retina.
The rods and cones are connected to the brain. The neurochemical messages processed by the rods and cones of the retina travel via the bipolar cells to the ganglion cells. The axons of the ganglion cells in the eye collectively form the optic nerve for that eye. The optic nerves of the two eyes join at the base of the brain to form the optic chiasma. At this point, the ganglion cells from the inward, or nasal, part of the retina—the part closer to your nose—cross through the optic chiasma and extend to the opposite hemisphere of the brain. The ganglion cells from the outward, or temporal area of the retina closer to your temple go to the hemisphere on the same side of the body. The lens of each eye naturally inverts the image of the world as it projects the image onto the retina. In this way, the message sent to your brain is literally upside-down and backward.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Describe at least four factors that teachers should include when establishing curricula to better prepare students who are deaf or hard of hearing for college and/or work.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
“You always interrupt when I talk” is a complaint. An effective way to restate this as a request is:
a. ?“You almost always interrupt when I talk.” b. ?“You sometimes interrupt when I talk.” c. ?“Please let me finish speaking before you talk.” d. ?“Why do you interrupt me?”?
A researcher is observing and taking notes on the interactions of a group of boys who hang out in an inner city neighborhood. Each day the researcher simply sits and records as much as possible about what he sees and hears from his surroundings in the neighborhood. The type of data collection this researcher is doing would best be described as:
a. Event sampling b. Time-interval sampling c. Naturalistic observation d. Participant-observer