Explain why it is thought that pheromones play an important role in modulating the rodent estrous cycle
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The rodent estrous cycle is four days in length and involves the secretion of estradiol followed by progesterone. Exposure of a female mouse to the odor of other female mice can slow their estrous cycles (Lee-Boot effect), while exposure to a male mouse can restart the cycle (Whitten effect). Moreover, the urine from a male mouse can speed up the onset of puberty (Vandenbergh effect) or can cause a pregnant female to abort a fetus fathered by another male mouse (Bruce effect). These effects require an intact vomeronasal system.
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Input from Ib sensory fibers a. inhibits the activity of alpha motor neurons
b. activates alpha motor neurons. c. contracts muscle spindles. d. contracts muscles.
Compared to classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), new variant CJD a. is less likely to result from eating infected beef
b. is more likely to affect women than men. c. appears to affect younger people. d. produces fewer prion plaques in the brain.
Which of the following best exemplifies appropriate learned optimism?
a. I guess she isn't going to call back. b. It was a good interview but nothing will probably come of it. c. She didn't return my call; she must be busy. d. No wonder she doesn't call back; I've been inconsiderate of her.
Current research indicates that Freud was correct in concluding that ________.
A. children tend to reject their parents' moral standards B. guilt is an important motivator of moral action C. children's fear of punishment leads to the development of a conscience D. fear of loss of parental love motivates conscience formation