Several years ago, Lesley thought there was no reason for anyone to need personal technological devices like PDAs and cell phones. However, just by being around them for a few years, Lesley's attitude changed and she now even owns a cell phone. Her increasingly positive attitude toward personal technological devices demonstrates
A. the mere-exposure effect.
B. systematic desensitization.
C. the actor-observer effect.
D. social referencing.
Answer: A
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Marjorie Shaw, when comparing individual performance to group performance on difficult problems, found that
a. individuals solved more problems than groups did. b. individuals who performed poorly alone did not do any better when placed in a group. c. groups solved more problems than individuals. d. groups need less time than did individuals.
Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior in an effort to reduce or eliminate that undesirable behavior is the basic idea behind _____
a) flooding. b) aversion therapy. c) systematic desensitization. d) exposure and response prevention.
Children's strategy development has been likened to ________, meaning that children use a variety of strategies ranging in complexity
A) an iceberg B) a series of steps C) a multidimensional cube D) overlapping waves
Mary arrives home to find her son washing the dirty dishes left from his party the night before. When she discovers his first-semester grade report on the table and sees that he got straight A's,
Mary rewards him by relieving him of the unpleasant task of finishing the dishes. Which operant process does the example illustrate? a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. extinction d. punishment