Methods to minimize air trapping in mechanically ventilated patients include which of the fol-lowing?
a. Using a longer inspiratory time (TI)
b. Switching to pressure support ventilation (PSV)
c. Increasing inspiratory flow
d. Administering a mucolytic agent
ANS: C
To minimize air trapping, or intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPI), the following steps may be taken: switch to pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) with a short inspiratory time (TI), use a lower tidal volume (VT), maintain a clear airway, administer bronchodilators for bronchospasm, and increase inspiratory flow to lengthen expiratory time (TE).
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