__________ is the medical term for giving birth to an offspring.

Chagas disease is caused by:

a. Trypanosoma rangeli. b. Trypanosoma cruzi. c. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. d. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.

In a PET scan, a patient is injected with radioactively labeled glucose. Cells take up the radioactive glucose and the scanner detects levels of radioactivity in various parts of the body. This is a measure of the amount of glucose uptake. Cancer cells are often in an environment with low oxygen concentration and they take in high amounts of glucose. Why would a low oxygen environment lead to

high glucose uptake? A. They rely more on oxidative phosphorylation which is less efficient than glycolysis. B. More energy is produced from glucose in hypoxic conditions. C. They rely more on glycolysis which is less efficient than oxidative phosphorylation. D. Because they require more oxygen to metabolize glucose. E. Enzymes function more efficiently in the absence of oxygen.

The human eye’s protective mucus membrane

is the

a. retina. b. sclera. c. cornea. d. conjunctiva. e. aqueous humor

NASA hopes to send the first astronauts to Mars by sometime in the 2030s. If life is found on Mars, what can we say likely will be true of that life form based on what we have learned of life on Earth?

A. That any life on Mars must be photosynthetic. B. That any life found on Mars will likely be in a dormant state due to the cold temperatures there. C. That any life found on Mars will be radically different than anything found on earth. D. That life on Mars will be cellular in nature, composed of one or more cells, like all life on Earth.