Draw a schematic (not to scale) of filaments, walls, and voids, labeling each
What will be an ideal response?
The drawing should look like soap bubbles.
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In an industrial refrigeration system, brine (10 % NaCl by weight) having a viscosity of 0.0016 (Ns)/m2 and a thermal conductivity of 0.85 W/(m K) is flowing through a long 2.5-cm-ID pipe at 6.1 m/s. Under these conditions, the heat transfer coefficient was found to be 16,500 W/(m2 K). For a brine temperature of –1°C and a pipe temperature of 18.3°C, determine the temperature rise of the brine per meter length of pipe if the velocity of the brine is doubled. Assume that the specific heat of the brine is 3768 J/(kg K) and that its density is equal to that of water.
GIVEN
• Brine flowing through a pipe
• Brine properties
? Viscosity (?) = 0.0016 Ns/m2
? Thermal conductivity (k) = 0.85 W/(m K)
? 10% NaCl by weight
? Specific heat (c) = 3768 J/(kg K)
• Pipe inside diameter (D) = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m
• Brine velocity (V) = 6.1 m/s
• Heat transfer coefficient ( h c) = 16,500 W/(m2 K)
• Brine temperature (Tb) = –1°C
• Pipe temperature (Ts) = 18.3°C FIND
• Temperature rise of the brine per meter length (?Tb/m) if the velocity is doubled (V = 12.2 m/s) ASSUMPTIONS
• Steady state
• Fully developed flow
• Constant and uniform pipe wall temperature
• Density of the brine is the same as water density
SKETCH
PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS
density (?) of water ? 1000 kg/m3
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What will be an ideal response?
A 1.0-mol sample of an isotope is decaying with a half-life of 28 y. After 61 y, how many moles of this isotope are left and what is its activity in Bq?
What will be an ideal response?