What effect do within-subjects designs have on the number of research participants?
a. It increases the number needed since the error variance increases.
b. It increases the number needed because the F ratio tends to be larger.
c. It reduces the number needed since each participant serves as her own control.
d. It reduces the number needed since most studies of this type are concerned with populations that are small.
C
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Researchers who subscribe to the primacy of _____ factors in personality tend to minimize or reject the parental effect
a. learning c. social b. environmental d. genetic
When we have relatively large sample sizes, the distribution-free tests for comparing two groups or sets of data discussed in the text have
a. a chi-square approximation. b. a normal approximation. c. no solution. d. problems.
Researchers have identified all of the following as categories of self-esteem for children in the third or fourth grade except
a. behavioral conduct. c. social competence. b. scholastic achievement. d. family status.
Which of the following views capital punishments as morally appropriate?
a. the United States c. the European Community b. the United Nations d. Canada and Mexico