What does the fact that no state actor, especially the U.S., resorted to an overt use of force during the oil crisis of 1973 say about the use of economic interdependence as a weapon?
a. that it can be limited by security interdependence, since the Saudis benefitted from a U.S. security guarantee and was careful not to push use of the oil weapon too far
b. that it is only so effective, especially when the target of the oil weapon is a world hegemon
c. that it can be effective, since using force came to be too costly for the U.S. as a result of oil price shocks and resulting economic turmoil at home
d. that it can be effective, keeping target countries in economic turmoil and unable to respond with force, as long as a surplus of oil does not lead to lower prices
Answer: A
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