Briefly discuss any ten reasons for cognitive distortions and negative thinking patterns
What will be an ideal response?
The most common types of distortions and negative thinking patterns conceptualized by Beck (1976 ) have been summarized in the literature (Cormier, Nurius, & Osborn, 2009; Leahy & Holland, 2000; Walsh, 2006 ) and are as follows:?
a. All-or-nothing thinking involves seeing things as all-or-nothing scenarios, and in most instances seeing the glass as half empty.
b. Blaming occurs when a client perceives others as the source of negative feelings or emotions and can therefore avoid taking responsibility.
c. Catastrophizing is the belief that if a particular event or situation occurs, the results would be unbearable, effectively influencing your sense of self-worth.
d. Discounting positives is the tendency to disqualify or minimize the good things that you or others do and instead treat a positive as a negative.
e. Emotional reasoning guides your interpretation based on how you feel rather than on reality. Interpretations and beliefs are facts bolstered by negative emotions, which are assumed to reflect reality.
f. Inability to disconfirm functions very much like a barricade in that you are unable to accept any information that is inconsistent with your beliefs or negative thoughts.
g. Judgment focus leads to a perception of self and others or an assessment of events as good or bad, excellent or awful, rather than describing, accepting, or attempting to understand what is happening or considering alternatives.
h. Jumping to conclusions assumes the negative when there may be limited supporting evidence. Assumptions may also take the form of mind reading and fortune telling based on a prediction of a negative outcome.
i. Mind reading assumes that you know what people will think, do, or respond.
j. Negative (mental) filtering results in mentally singling out bad events and ignoring the positives. In some instances, negative filters are linked to thoughts that are overgeneralized to people or events.
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According to Rothman, which of the following functions are
incorporated in case management? A. Providing individualized advice, counseling, and therapy to clients in the community B. Letting clients explore their own informal networks without getting involved so that clients can become more independent C. Working with clients on a macro-level only so that clients can use all available community resources D. Not advocating the use of informal helping networks because of their lack validity and reliability
The number of welfare recipients who can participate in higher education was/is _________ under the 1996 welfare reform law
a. Unlimited b. Limited c. Eliminated d. Made mandatory
Which of the following is true of the "No Child Left Behind" legislation? A) It addresses the numerous physical, developmental, learning, and social-emotional problems that hamper the education of children
B) ?It provides an incentive for school systems to encourage students who are low scoring on the standardized tests to drop out. C) It was signed into law in 2012 by President Barack Obama. D) ?It does not have the punitive Common Core Standards provision.
The _________________can be determined by comparing actual employee performance with predetermined performance standards.
A. job-needs analysis B. person-needs analysis C. bono fide occupational qualifications D. job description