Define problem-centered coping and emotion-centered coping. How do school-age children use these strategies?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Rapid gains in emotional self-regulation occur in middle childhood. By age 10, most children shift adaptively between two general strategies for managing emotion. In problem-centered coping, children appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty, and decide what to do about it. If problem solving does not work, they engage in emotion-centered coping, which is internal, private, and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about an outcome. For example, when faced with an anxiety-provoking test or an angry friend, older school-age children view problem solving and seeking social support as the best strategies. But when outcomes are beyond their control—for example, after receiving a bad grade—they opt for distraction or try to redefine the situation: “Things could be worse. There’ll be another test.” School-age children’s improved ability to appraise situations and reflect on thoughts and feelings means that, compared with preschoolers, they more often use these internal strategies to manage emotion.
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