According to Lemert, ______ deviance is deviance that results from society’s reaction to offender’s initial nonconforming behavior.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. formal
b. secondary
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Once a confession has been obtained, investigators should:
a. corroborate the confession using independent evidence. b. stop the investigation. c. let the confession prove the case. d. submit the case for prosecution based on the confession.
Which of the following is used as an alternative to incarceration and designed for those offenders, in the absence of IPS, would have been sentences to imprisonment, or for inmates who otherwise would not be paroled?
a. individual probation services b. individual parole services c. intensive probation/parole supervision d. none of the above
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Thomas Sowell posited that two contrasting visions have shaped thoughts about human nature throughout history, and these visions are in constant conflict with each other. Believers in this particular vision view human activities as constrained by an innate human nature that is self-centered and largely unalterable.
A. classical vision B. constrained vision C. phrenological vision D. unconstrained vision