The Model Penal Code’s ______ approach states that to constitute an attempt that an act must be a clear step toward the commission of a crime.

a. physical proximity
b. substantial step
c. unequivocality
d. last step


b. substantial step

Criminal Justice

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Which factor is highly predictive of later substance abuse?

a) childhood aggression b) childhood depression c) infantile myxedema d) parental neglect

Criminal Justice

Under what two circumstances may a defendant be tried in absentia?

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

Jails are administered locally by:

A. private citizens who volunteer. B. appointed civil servants. C. elected officials. D. off-duty police officers. E. any of the above, depending on the community.

Criminal Justice

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) chronicles all of the following information except:

a. The amount of crime that occurs in school b. So-called victimless crimes c. The relationship between the victim and the offender d. Profiles of crime victims

Criminal Justice