When assessing the quality of a direct Gram stain, neutrophils should appear as:
a. cells with pink cytoplasm and darker more purplish nuclear lobes.
b. cells with pink cytoplasm and pink nuclear lobes.
c. cells with purple cytoplasm and pink nuc-lear lobes.
d. cells with purple cytoplasm and purple nuclear lobes.
A
Neutrophils appear as pink cells with lobed nuclei that are purplish in color but not as dark as gram-positive organisms. If the nuclei appear as dark as cells that typically Gram stain purple, the slide is likely under decolorized. If the nuclei appear pink or similar to the cytoplasm, the slide is most likely over decolorized.
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In sexual reproduction in ciliates the sequence of events is:
A. (1) in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei, of which three also disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in each cell forms a new haploid macronucleus and the other divides mitotically to form eight new haploid micronuclei, (7) the two haploid macronuclei fuse to form a diploid one and the eight haploid micronuclei fuse by pairs into four diploid micronuclei. B. (1) in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei, of which three also disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of its own and one from its conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. C. A haploid nucleus in an individual of sexual strain (+) divides mitotically and one of the daughter nuclei passes to an individual of sexual strain (-) where it fuses with the resident haploid nucleus to produce a diploid nucleus. D. (1) in each conjugating pair of cells the four diploid micronuclei fuse, (2) then each undergoes meiosis to produce eight micronuclei, of which seven disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of its own and one from its conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. E. All of the other choices provided are incorrect.
Breathing is under ___ control
a. voluntary b. involuntary c. voluntary and involuntary d. oxygen mediated e. ATP mediated
When blood pressure falls the kidney releases the enzyme ____________________. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
Which of the following statements about constitutive genes is false?
A) Constitutive genes account for less than 20 percent of a cell's genes. B) Constitutive genes function differently than facultative genes. C) Constitutive genes are expressed at any given time. D) Constitutive genes produce their proteins when a cell encounters a specific environmental change. E) Constitutive genes are referred to as housekeeping genes.