Discuss the nature versus nurture debate. Compare and contrast the two different sides of the discussion.
What will be an ideal response?
Shah and Roth (1974), in their review of criminology’s nature versus nurture controversy (whether criminality is explained by genetics or environment), detail a variety of research including biochemical effects, brain disorders, endocrine and hormonal problems, nerve disorders, and other factors that can hardly be ignored in explaining at least a restricted number of individual cases of criminality (Marsh & Katz, 1985). The newest biological theories (some advocates prefer the name biosocial theories) focus on a broad range of biological factors including genetic and environmental. Factors such as head injuries, diets, exposure to toxins such as lead, and birth complications are viewed as affecting the nervous system. “No one argues that there is a gene leading directly to crime” (Cullen & Agnew, 2003, p. 3). Most of these theories recognize that interaction exists between biological factors and the environment and suggest that some biological factors partially account for some crime in some types of offenders.
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What are some reasons why domestic violence situations are among the most risky for law enforcement?
A. The typical use of drugs and alcohol by the suspects B. The fact that the suspects are already agitated and prone to violence C. The potential for escalation D. All of the above
_____ plans are implemented only if certain events occur
a. Single-use b. Repeat-use c. Tactical d. Strategic e. Contingency
In social science research, the two most common ? levels used with large samples are ______ and ______.
A. .10; .15 B. .01; .02 C. .05; .10 D. .01; .05
A typical ________ definition of crime is "an intentional violation of the criminal law or penal code, committed without defense or excuse and penalized by the state."
A. psychological B. criminal C. social D. legal