In the Doppler effect for electromagnetic waves, which of the following gives the greatest shift in frequency?
a. the source moving toward the non-moving observer at speed v
b. the observer moving toward the non-moving source at speed v
c. the source moving toward the approaching observer, both at speed v/2
d. All of the above give the same shift.
d
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Why can someone in the United States almost always be able to observe the constellations such as Ursa Major, Cassiopeia, and Perseus?
What will be an ideal response?
A perfectly black sphere 18.0 cm in diameter is held at a temperature of 215°C. (? = 5.670 × 10-8 W/m2 ? K4, Wien displacement law constant is 2.90 × 10-3 m ? K, h = 6.626 × 10-34 J ? s, c = 3.00 × 108 m/s)
(a) Near what wavelength does this sphere radiate most strongly? (b) If all the radiated energy were at the wavelength found in part (a), how many photons would the sphere emit each second? What will be an ideal response?
Derive an equation in the form ch = f(T, D, U?) for flow of air over a long horizontal cylinder for the temperature range 0°C to 100°C, as a basis for water in the temperature range 10°C to 40°C.
GIVEN
• Water flow over a long horizontal cylinder
• Water temperature range is 10°C < T < 40°C
FIND
• An equation in the form h c= f(T, D, U?) based
ASSUMPTIONS
• Steady state
• Temperature difference between water and the cylinder is small enough that the Prandtl number variation is negligible
• The density of water can be considered constant
SKETCH
How do we determine the age of a star cluster?
a) by identifying the type of stars that have just turned off the main sequence b) spectroscopic parallax c) by determining the spectral types of the faintest stars in the cluster d) radioactive dating e) by comparing the ages of white dwarfs and red giants