Because DNA replication takes place at an extremely rapid rate, a cell must repair breaks in a strand of DNA up to
approximately how many times in an hour?
a. 10
b. 1,000
c. 10,000
d. 200,000
e. 2,000,000
ANSWER: e
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae are present in the vaginal compartment with nonpathogenic commensal Neisseria spp. When the patient's system begins to attack the pathogenic species, some of the cells autolyze releasing their genetic material into the environment. Other Neisseria species are then capable of taking up the DNA from the organisms that have autolyzed altering their genetic makeup and changing
their pili protein structure. This process can be described as: a. competent cells being transformed by ge-netic recombination. b. bacteria ingesting DNA and using the in-formation for transcription. c. mutation of the pathogenic organisms re-sulting in enhanced infection. d. transformation and genetic recombination resulting in expression of new pili proteins to evade the immune system.
Which set of values would result in a population with a growth rate of zero?
a. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 750, e = 1000 b. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 1000, e = 1000 c. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 1500, e = 1000 d. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 0, e = 1000 e. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 500, e = 1000
Which of the following structures is a stem adaptation instead of a root adaptation?
A. tubers B. corms C. stolons D. rhizomes E. These are all are stem adaptations.
Which of the following is not an approach to combat drug-resistant bacteria?
A) pair a redesigned antimicrobial with inhibitors that block bacterial-resistance mechanisms B) flood a patient's system with healthy bacteria to quickly remove access to nutrients and starve the pathogen C) identify new antimicrobials D) use lytic bacteriophages to specifically target pathogens E) find multidrug approaches