Which of the following are true of the force against which the left ventricle must pump? 1. Referred to as left ventricular afterload. 2. Equivalent to systemic vascular resistance. 3. Helps to determine left ventricular stroke volume
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1, 2, and 3
d. 2 and 3 only
ANS: C
A major factor affecting stroke volume is the force against which the heart must pump. This is called afterload. In clinical practice, left ventricular afterload equals the SVR. In other words, the greater the resistance to blood flow, the greater is the afterload.
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