Which of the following statements is true about the medical management of diabetic ketoacidosis?
a. Serum lactate levels are used to guide insulin administration.
b. Sodium bicarbonate is a first-line medication for treatment.
c. The degree of acidosis is assessed through continuous pulse oximetry.
d. Volume replacement and insulin infusion often correct the acidosis.
D
Volume replacement promotes hemodilution in the face of a hyperosmolar state. Insulin administration promotes entry of glucose into cells and relieves ketosis. As volume is replaced and glucose normalizes, the acidosis often resolves. Insulin administration, not lactate levels, is guided by blood glucose values. Sodium bicarbonate is only administered to correct severe acidosis (pH < 7.1). Degree of acidosis is assessed through arterial blood gas readings and serum ketone levels.
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What auxiliary label is required on a prescription label for potassium supplements?
a. Do not drink alcohol. b. Take on an empty stomach. c. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight. d. Take with water.
Which of the following routes of drug administration has the slowest onset of action?
A. Intramuscular B. Sublingual C. Inhalation D. Transdermal