How have the fuels to power homes, industry, and transportation changed from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to the present?
What will be an ideal response?
Homes: Homes were heated originally with wood. In the industrialized world this changed with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Coal became a dominant method of home heating. In the 1950s this changed to electricity, oil, and natural gas.
Industrial: At the start of the Industrial Revolution, wood was used to fuel the steam engine. When wood resources were depleted, coal was substituted. (This transition was not without social and economic disruption.) The transition to coal was complete by the end of the 1800s, and the dominance of coal as a fuel did not end until the 1940s.
Transportation: Wind (ships) and horses were the primary method of transportation until the Industrial Revolution. Trains became an important mode of transportation; wood and then coal were used initially. Ships are powered by fossil fuels. Petroleum, primarily in the form of gasoline, has dominated transportation since the 1940s.
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A country that has undergone a full demographic transition has
A) a lower birth rate and a higher death rate. B) a higher birth rate and a lower death rate. C) a higher birth rate and a lower death rate, and it is about to undergo industrialization. D) a lower birth rate, a lower death rate, and it has undergone significant economic growth.
Wave refraction ____
a. is the suspension of sediment by a breaking wave b. occurs because of rip currents c. occurs in the offshore zone d. causes erosion of headlands and deposition in embayments
Only a few thousand impact craters have been identified on Venus's surface, even though it, too, would have experienced the same heavy bombardment period that affected Mercury and the moon. Why does Venus appear relatively unscathed?
A) Venus was not impacted. B) The gravitational forces of Mercury deflected the meteorites. C) Venus's surface was reshaped by extensive volcanism. D) Extensive stream networks buried the impact sites with sediments.