Smoking impairs the ciliated cells of the middle portion of the respiratory tract. Many analgesic drugs (painkillers) impair peristalsis (the churning motion of the digestive tract)
The result of either of these activities leads to an increased risk of infection in their respective areas. Why?
A. The actions of the cells in these areas help to propel pathogens out of the area, serving as a part of the physical barrier system. When they are impaired/slowed, bacteria and other pathogens have an easier time adhering to the tissues in the area and causing an infection.
B. Ciliated cells also line the digestive tract, and these cells secrete strong natural antibacterial compounds. When they are impaired, bacteria can more easily infect these areas.
C. Chemicals in cigarette smoke and the chemicals in painkillers impair our immune systems, making us generally more predisposed to infections (regardless of the tissue area).
D. Chemicals in cigarette smoke and the chemicals in painkillers impair the ability of our immune system cells to move into areas that are infected. As such, they can't perform their job of eliminating microbes as well as they should and infections result more easily.
A
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Some dogs have erect ears; others have drooping
ears. Some dogs bark when following a scent; others are silent. Erect ears and barking are due to dominant alleles located on different chromosomes. If two dihybrids are crossed, a. the most common phenotype is drooping ears and barking. b. all droopy-eared, silent offspring are purebreeding. c. the least common phenotype is drooping ears and barking. d. there will be no phenotypes or genotypes that resemble the original parents. e. there will be no offspring that resemble the F1 generation.
The modern synthesis was a fusion of ______.
a. genetics and evolutionary biology b. population ecology and genetics c. molecular biology and comparative anatomy d. the fossil record and genetics
Which term refers to a special capsule or chamber where a plant will make the first cells of the gametophyte generation?
a. sporangium b. rhizome c. vascular system d. shoot system
Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).