By what pathophysiologic processes does atherosclerosis contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD)?
A. Atherosclerotic plaques cause spasm and subsequent narrowing of the coronary vessels.
B. Coronary vessels become inflamed and injured as a result of excess cholesterol and triglycerides.
C. Macrophages and T cells form a connective tissue matrix in the vessel intima where lipids accumulate.
D. Atherosclerosis causes coronary vessels to become stiff, limiting their ability to respond to increases in blood flow.
C
Atherosclerosis leading to CAD is the result of three processes: (1) the overgrowth of intimal smooth muscle cells with macrophages and T cells; (2) the formation of a connective tissue matrix in the vessel intima, and (3) the accumulation of lipids, which serve to narrow the vessel lumen.
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