What effect did the acquisition of an empire have on the Roman republican form of government?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Growth of Roman Empire changed political institutions
1. originally Rome was a small-city republic
a. two annually elected chief executives, or "consuls," shared power
b. kept in check by Senate and tribunes
2. as the state expanded, in the emergencies of war, power changed
a. power was given to individuals, called dictators
b. expected to relinquish control when the emergency was over
c. system finally broke down in a series of struggles between rival contenders for power
d. parties accepted Augustus, who had emerged as victor from the civil wars, as head of state and of government for life, with the right to name his successor
3. Rome became a monarchy
a. rules of succession to supreme power were never perfectly defined
b. hereditary principle tended to prevail, but was never fully respected
c. "emperor" took over as the name people used to designate the ruler
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