Which of the following best describes vertical social structure?
a. It is how society ranks different groups of people.
b. It is the basis of understanding the biological workings of the brain.
c. It is rooted in psychological theory.
d. It is the social and physical characteristics of communities and the networks of social relationships to which an individual belongs.
Answer: a
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How does criminologist, Gerber, explain what is perceived by some to be unusually high sentences for white-collar offenders?
a. White-collar offenders are sentenced according to federal guidelines b. Very few white-collar offenders ever make it through the criminal justice process and when they do it is because there is substantial evidence against them, which leads to harsher sentences c. There are only a small proportion of offenders with extremely large sentences, but those offenders raise the average dramatically and give the perception that all white-collar offenders have particularly long sentences d. All of the above
Which of the following best reflects what Peter Berger referred to as the "debunking motif"?
a. Sociological research often exposes false claims about reality and taken-for-granted assumptions. b. Sociological research often shows that conventional wisdom is correct rather than false. c. Sociologists tend to seek justice rather than wisdom when conducting research. d. Sociologists prefer to research "urban legends" and show that they are largely true.
Probation and parole agencies can be grouped by model: control, social and combined
a. True b. False
What is the default degree of culpability where codes fail to identify a level of culpability?
a. negligence b. recklessness c. awareness d. complicity