The idea that cognition originates externally (through interactions with others) is a hypothesis of which of the following researchers?
A. Piaget
B. Vygotsky
C. Gilligan
D. Bem
Answer: B
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Which of the following labels does NOT accurately describe Hobbes?
a. materialist b. mechanist c. rationalist d. hedonist
One main difference between concrete operational thinkers and formal operational thinkers is that ____
a. formal operational thinkers can learn from contemplating their own thoughts. b. formal operational thinkers have powerful problem-solving skills. c. concrete operational learners reflect on the content of their thinking to arrive at new insights. d. concrete operational learners think more about ideas than about things.
According to research presented in the text, in which of the following age periods do the most complex friendships typically occur?
a. adolescence b. early adulthood c. early middle-adulthood d. later middle-adulthood
Independent measures of achievement, such as SAT scores, have not risen in the past decade, but overall grades in school have. The most likely explanation for this is that __________
a) student performance in school has improved, and students are demonstrating more achievement b) student performance in school has improved because they are cheating more on tests c) instructors have become more lenient, awarding higher grades for the same performance, a practice known as "grade inflation" d) independent measures of achievement such as the SAT are harder tests than they were a decade ago