As other mechanisms prepare to respond to a pH imbalance, immediate buffering is a result of increased:
A) Intracellular albumin
B) Hydrogen/potassium binding
C) Sodium/phosphate anion absorption
D) Bicarbonate/carbonic acid regulation
Ans: D
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The bicarbonate buffering system, which is the principal ECF buffer, uses H2CO3 as its weak acid and bicarbonate salt such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as its weak base. It substitutes the weak H2CO3 for a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or the weak bicarbonate base for a strong base such as sodium hydroxide. The bicarbonate buffering system is a particularly efficient system because its components can be readily added or removed from the body. Hydrogen and potassium exchange freely across the cell membrane to regulate acid–base balance. Sodium is not part of the buffering system. Intracellular protein is part of the body protein buffer system; albumin is extracellular.
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