Critics of Piaget's theory have claimed each of the following EXCEPT it ______
a. does not account for cultural influences on learning and development
b. underplays the importance of social interaction in cognitive development
c. underestimates young infants' understanding of the world
d. unrealistically portrays cognitive development as a smooth, gradual process
d
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What percentage of marriages in the U.S. remain intact?
a) 75% b) 65% c) 45% d) 50%
Archie and Eve take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Archie or Eve gets in their son's face and loudly yells, "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?
A. The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. B. The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. C. The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming. D. Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.
The extent to which predictor scores obtained at one time account for variance in criteria obtained at a future time is known as:
a. concurrent validity b. predictive validity c. divergent validity d. convergent validity
According to a 2009 study, the time spent per day using media jumps by ______ in early adolescence.
What will be an ideal response?