The nurse who works with older patients explains the age-related changes in sleep to a student. Which statements are consistent with this knowledge? (Select all that apply.)
a. The amount of time spent in REM sleep increases.
b. REM sleep is interrupted more by awa-kening at night.
c. People spend more time in the lightest stage of sleep.
d. Stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep are not as deep.
e. Changes in circadian rhythm can affect sleep.
B, C, D, E
As people age, the amount of time spent in REM sleep decreases, and this stage of sleep is inter-rupted more often by waking up at night. Stage 1 is the lightest stage of sleep and people tend to spend more sleep time in this stage as they age. Stages 3 and 4 are not as deep. The decrease in nighttime sleeping and increase in daytime napping can be attributed to alterations in circadian rhythms.
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An older patient has fallen and broken his hip. As a consequence, the patient's family is concerned about his ability to care for himself, especially during his convalescence. What should the nurse do?
a. Stress that older patients usually ask for help when needed. b. Inform the family that placement in a nursing center is a permanent solution. c. Tell the family to enroll the patient in a ceramics class to maintain his quality of life. d. Provide information and answer questions as family members make choices among care options.
Interactions between antipsychotic medications and some cardiac drugs containing epinephrine may cause which of the following side effects or adverse effects to occur?
a. decreased absorption of the medication b. severe hypotensive complications c. toxic levels of antipsychotics d. worsening of psychosis
A client comes to the clinic with a history of pain in his testicle. During the interview assessment, which of the following should be of concern to the nurse?
1. The client works as an auto-detailer. 2. He smokes half a pack of cigarettes per week. 3. He has not had a yearly exam for 5 years. 4. He does not perform testicular self-exam.