As children develop symbolic mastery, their play is ________, indicating the children's awareness that ________.
A. more likely to focus on themselves; they have the power to affect the real world
B. more likely to focus on themselves; representational schemes can be combined
C. less self-centered; objects can represent concepts as well as physical things
D. less self-centered; agents of pretend action can be independent of themselves
Answer: D
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The principle of utility states that a therapy is ethically justified if it
a. does no harm. b. is the most effective treatment. c. results in more benefit than harm. d. is desired by the client.
The term temperament is defined as:
A) expectations about how the primary caregiver will respond. B) the strength of the tendency to lose one's temper. C) characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity. D) the tendency to show strong negative emotions.
Which of the following research methods would be most useful for conducting research on daily manifestation of well-being?
a. Laboratory studies. b. Gathering widespread survey data. c. Case studies. d. Longitudinal studies.
When Wolfgang Köhler put chimpanzees in situations in which tempting bananas were just out of reach, he found that
a. almost all of the apes figured out a way to reach the bananas. b. many of the apes showed humanlike emotions and advanced cognitive abilities. c. the apes performed impressive gymnastic maneuvers to get the bananas but did not use tools. d. apes often sat quietly for a while and then seemed to have sudden insight into a solution.